Upconversion nanoparticles possess unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and disease management. However, their potential toxicity remains a significant concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various as

Zinc oxide is a compound renowned for its remarkable ability to protect delicate skin. This calming component has long been employed in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its exceptional protective qualities. Forming a physical barrier on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively absorbs harmful radiati